Worldwide increases in the price of petroleum caused many automakers to release hybrids in the late 2000s they are now perceived as a core segment of the automotive market of the future. Initially, hybrid seemed unnecessary due to the low cost of gasoline. But hybrid electric vehicles did not become widely available until the release of the Toyota Prius in Japan in 1997, followed by the Honda Insight in 1999. If the engine is not used to drive the car directly, it can be geared to run at maximum efficiency, further improving fuel economy.įerdinand Porsche developed the Lohner-Porsche in 1901.
A hybrid-electric produces lower tailpipe emissions than a comparably sized gasoline car since the hybrid's gasoline engine is usually smaller than that of a gasoline-powered vehicle.
Many HEVs reduce idle emissions by shutting down the engine at idle and restarting it when needed this is known as a start-stop system. Some varieties of HEV use an internal combustion engine to turn an electrical generator, which either recharges the vehicle's batteries or directly powers its electric drive motors this combination is known as a motor–generator. Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy, which is stored in a battery or supercapacitor. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors), buses, boats and aircraft also exist. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each function as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.
The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. Use of this page is also subject to this website's Terms of Use.A New Flyer XDE60 Xcelsior articulated hybrid-electric bus operated by UMass TransitĪ hybrid electric vehicle ( HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system ( hybrid vehicle drivetrain). By using this page to generate/copy NRIC/FIN numbers, you hereby agree to be responsible for your actions for use of the numbers, and waive all your rights to hold me liable to any problems arising from your actions. However, you should not use the NRIC numbers to impersonate anyone as it is an offence. This page serves to demonstrate that it is possible to do so. The generation of NRIC numbers itself is legal, as the algorithm is made public. If you have access to data like this please contact me. The first step to decoding the checksum independently is we need at least a few hundred valid M-nric numbers so that we can have lots of reference points to determine the calculations on our own. Right now the government is keeping it a secret unless you request it for a legitimate reason.
If you find out let me know and I'll update the validator. Will this be updated to accommodate the new M-series NRIC numbers? If special rules like the starting letter or DOB is selected, the algorithm changes accordingly. However to make it valid, the random numbers are used to calculate the checksum (last character) using an algorithm described in the Wikipedia page.
Do note that if you create an online account, you have to remember the NRIC number that you use, in case you need to reset the password or claim a prize. For example, game account registrations like AsiaSoft MapleStory, Audition Online club memberships like NikonClub, ActiveSG, Shaw, Golden Village, etc. Many online voting, contests, giveaways, lucky draws, and account registrations on Singaporean websites require a NRIC number to participate.
The NRIC number is a unique alpha-numeric serial number assigned to the document.
NRIC (National Registration Identity Card) is the identity document in use in Singapore. Frequently Asked Questions: What’s a NRIC/FIN number?